An international research team, led by the University of Surrey in collaboration with Imperial College London, has achieved a major breakthrough in solar energy technology. They have developed lead-tin perovskite solar cells with an impressive 23.2% power conversion efficiency, one of the highest reported for this material. The team also introduced a new design strategy that extends the operational lifetime of these solar cells by 66%, marking a significant step forward in solar technology.
Perovskites are an advanced class of crystalline materials recognized for their exceptional ability to absorb sunlight and convert it into electricity. Compared to traditional silicon-based solar cells, perovskites are lighter, cost-effective, and efficient in low-light conditions. However, large-scale commercial adoption has been hindered by stability issues, short lifespan, and environmental concerns, particularly regarding lead content.
To address these challenges, the researchers introduced a cyanogen management strategy—a hybrid approach that integrates organic and inorganic components. This innovation enhances light absorption and minimizes energy losses caused by defects, resulting in a more stable and efficient solar cell. The low band gap of this material allows the solar cells to capture more sunlight, especially in low-light environments, improving their overall performance.
The research team designed the solar cell with a hole transport layer (HTL) using PEDOT:PSS, a cost-effective polymer known for its ease of preparation. However, to further minimize energy losses, they incorporated a thiocyanate additive. The final device achieved an open-circuit voltage of 0.875 V, a short-circuit current density of 31.84 mA/cm², and a fill factor of 83.23%. These enhancements contribute to the improved efficiency and extended lifespan of the solar cells, making them more viable for long-term use.
Speaking about the breakthrough, lead researcher Hashini Perera stated, "The understanding we have developed from this work has allowed us to identify a strategy that improves the efficiency and extends the operational lifetime of these devices when exposed to ambient conditions. This advancement is a major step towards high-efficiency, long-lasting solar panels, which will give more people access to affordable clean energy while reducing the reliance on fossil fuels and global carbon emissions."
This breakthrough brings the solar industry closer to creating more efficient, durable, and cost-effective solar panels. With continued advancements, perovskite-based solar cells could become a viable alternative to traditional solar technologies, making clean energy more accessible and sustainable.
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